The shape of activity | Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex fire in a hexagonal pattern of locations, allowing mapping of an individual’s position in an environment. Recurrently connected continuous

attractor networks (CANs) may underlie this pattern, but to date, it has not been clear whether grid-cell networks exhibit continuous attractor dynamics. Gardner et al. recorded from a large

number of grid cells in freely moving rats and found that the population activity from a single grid-cell module resided on a toroidal manifold, as predicted by a 2D CAN model, with

positions on the torus relating to locations in the environment.

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