Author correction: changes in responses of the amygdala and hippocampus during fear conditioning are associated with persecutory beliefs

Correction to: _Scientific Reports_ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57746-z, published online 08 April 2024 The original version of this Article contained errors. In the Introduction,

“Subclinical psychotic symptoms, often referred to as “psychotic experiences,” are common in the general population and are typically non-distressing and transient35. Although the majority

of individuals with psychotic experiences do not go on to develop frank psychosis, there is converging evidence, based on studies of epidemiologic and environmental risk factors for clinical

psychosis42,43, as well as neuroimaging data44,45,46,47, for some degree of a continuum in the clinical and neurobiological expression of psychosis across different levels of severity in

the general population, and for some biological mechanisms that are shared across psychotic experiences and clinical psychosis.” now reads: “Subclinical psychotic symptoms, often referred to

as “psychotic experiences,” are common in the general population and are typically non-distressing and transient. Although the majority of individuals with psychotic experiences do not go

on to develop frank psychosis, there is converging evidence, based on studies of epidemiologic and environmental risk factors for clinical psychosis43, as well as neuroimaging

data44,45,46,47, for some degree of a continuum in the clinical and neurobiological expression of psychosis across different levels of severity in the general population, and for some

biological mechanisms that are shared across psychotic experiences and clinical psychosis.” In the Methods, under the subheading ‘Recruitment of participants’, “Consistent with this, in our

prior studies using these screening methods, these criteria typically identified approximately 20% (with elevated PDI scores) and 48% (with elevated BDI scores) of the distribution of the

college students screened50,58.” “To test our specific hypothesis about persecutory beliefs, the enrolled cohort was divided into those who endorsed persecutory beliefs (one or both of the

two persecutory items of the PDI)51,53 and those who did not.” now reads: “Consistent with this, in our prior studies using these screening methods, these criteria typically identified

approximately 20% (with elevated PDI scores) and 48% (with elevated BDI scores) of the distribution of the college students screened49,50.” “To test our specific hypothesis about persecutory

beliefs, the enrolled cohort was divided into those who endorsed persecutory beliefs (one or both of the two persecutory items of the PDI) and those who did not.” Under subheading ‘Clinical

measures’, “We measured persecutory beliefs using the previously identified “persecutory factor” of the PDI64, which includes two items: “Do you ever feel as if you are being persecuted in

some way?” (item #4) and “Do you ever feel as if there is a conspiracy against you?” (item #5).” now reads: “We measured persecutory beliefs using the previously identified “persecutory

factor” of the PDI55,64,66, which includes two items: “Do you ever feel as if you are being persecuted in some way?” (item #4) and “Do you ever feel as if there is a conspiracy against you?”

(item #5).” In the Discussion, under the subheading ‘Summary of main findings’, “Specifically, the expected pattern (CS− > CS+) of learned responses34,35 was observed in the participants

without persecutory beliefs in the right amygdala and hippocampus, but not in those with persecutory beliefs. In addition, the severity of psychotic experiences across the full sample

correlated with the magnitude of this abnormality.” now reads: “Specifically, the expected pattern (CS− > CS+) of learned responses36,37 was observed in the participants without

persecutory beliefs in the right amygdala and hippocampus, but not in those with persecutory beliefs. In addition, the severity of psychotic experiences across the full sample correlated

with the magnitude of this abnormality.” Under the subheading ‘Fear conditioning responses in the human medial temporal lobe’, “Despite the variability of prior findings, the overall

literature suggests that the amygdala and hippocampus are involved in both types of responses, i.e., threat and safety -related signaling39,40,69.” now reads: “Despite the variability of

prior findings, the overall literature suggests that the amygdala and hippocampus are involved in both types of responses, i.e., threat and safety -related signaling39,40.” Under the

subheading, ‘Relationship of these findings to animal models of psychosis’, “Findings of several imaging studies conducted in individuals with schizophrenia81 or with attenuated psychosis6 

have provided support for this model.” now reads: “Findings of several imaging studies conducted in individuals with schizophrenia80 or with attenuated psychosis6 have provided support for

this model.” Under the subheading, ‘Additional future directions’, “For example, studies of a GAD65 gene knock-out mouse, which lacks the capacity for GAD65-mediated GABA synthesis, have

shown that this alteration leads to abnormal fear conditioning-related responses82 and hyperactivity of the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial hypothalamus83.” now reads: “For example,

studies of a GAD65 gene knock-out mouse, which lacks the capacity for GAD65-mediated GABA synthesis, have shown that this alteration leads to abnormal fear conditioning-related

responses81,82 and hyperactivity of the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial hypothalamus83.” The original Article has been corrected. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department

of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13Th, St. Charlestown, Boston, MA, 02129, USA Wisteria Deng, Lauri Tuominen, Rachel Sussman, Logan Leathem, Louis N. Vinke & Daphne J.

Holt * Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Wisteria Deng * Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Lauri Tuominen * Department of

Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Louis N. Vinke & Daphne J. Holt * Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Daphne J. Holt Authors * Wisteria Deng View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Lauri Tuominen View author publications You can also search for

this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Rachel Sussman View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Logan Leathem View author publications You can

also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Louis N. Vinke View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Daphne J. Holt View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Daphne J. Holt. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS OPEN ACCESS This article is licensed

under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate

credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article

are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons

licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of

this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Deng, W., Tuominen, L., Sussman, R. _et al._ Author Correction:

Changes in responses of the amygdala and hippocampus during fear conditioning are associated with persecutory beliefs. _Sci Rep_ 14, 9345 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60109-3

Download citation * Published: 23 April 2024 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60109-3 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative