Effects of margarines and butter consumption on lipid profiles, inflammation markers and lipid transfer to hdl particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the effects of daily servings of butter, no-_trans_-fat margarine and plant sterol margarine, within recommended amounts, on plasma lipids,

apolipoproteins (Apos), biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and on the transfer of lipids to HDL particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome. METHODS:

This was a randomized, single-blind study where 53 metabolic syndrome subjects (62% women, mean age 54 years) received isocaloric servings of butter, no-_trans_-fat margarine or plant sterol

margarine in addition to their usual diets for 5 weeks. The main outcome measures were plasma lipids, Apo, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers (CRP, IL-6, CD40L or E-selectin),

small dense LDL cholesterol concentrations and _in vitro_ radioactive lipid transfer from cholesterol-rich emulsions to HDL. Difference among groups was evaluated by analysis of variance.

RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in Apo-B (−10.4 %, _P_=0.043) and in the Apo-B/Apo-A-1 ratio (−11.1%, _P_=0.034) with plant sterol margarine. No changes in plasma lipids were

noticed with butter and no-_trans_-fat margarine. Transfer rates of lipids to HDL were reduced in the no-_trans_-fat margarine group: triglycerides −42.0%, (_P_<0.001 vs butter and sterol

margarine) and free cholesterol −16.2% (_P_=0.006 vs sterol margarine). No significant effects were noted on the concentrations of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers among the

groups. CONCLUSIONS: In free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome consumption of plant sterol and no-_trans_-fat margarines within recommended amounts reduced, respectively, Apo-B

concentrations and the ability of HDL to accept lipids. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS

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therapeutic importance. _Chem Rev_ 104, 119–137. Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported by the Conselho Nacional de

Desenvolvimento Científico e Pesquisa (National Research and Scientific Council) of Brazil, Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Proap and by a contract from the US

Department of Agriculture. The spread products were provided by Unilever Corporation and Laticínios Aviação – Gonçalves Salles SA. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Heart

Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil A C M Gagliardi, R C Maranhão, H P de Sousa & R D Santos * Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer

USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA E J Schaefer Authors * A C M Gagliardi View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar * R C Maranhão View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * H P de Sousa View author publications You can also search for

this author inPubMed Google Scholar * E J Schaefer View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * R D Santos View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to R D Santos. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no conflict of interest.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION _Contributers_: A.C.M.G, R.D.S. and R.C.M. designed the research; A.C.M.G and R.D.S. conducted research; H.P.S. and R.C.M. provided essential materials; E.J.S., H.P.S.

and R.C.M. analysed data; A.C.M.G, R.C.M., E.J.S. and R.D.S. wrote the paper and R.D.S. had primary responsibility for the final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Gagliardi, A., Maranhão, R., Sousa, H. _et al._ Effects of margarines and butter consumption on lipid

profiles, inflammation markers and lipid transfer to HDL particles in free-living subjects with the metabolic syndrome. _Eur J Clin Nutr_ 64, 1141–1149 (2010).

https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.122 Download citation * Received: 22 November 2009 * Revised: 10 May 2010 * Accepted: 18 May 2010 * Published: 21 July 2010 * Issue Date: October 2010 *

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.122 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not

currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative KEYWORDS * butter * margarine * plant sterol * metabolic syndrome

* HDL * inflammation