What 5G Wireless and Gigabit Internet Mean for You

By Edward C. Baig   En español Published July 09, 2020

Who wouldn't want a zippier connection to the internet, whether stuck at home during the pandemic or having started to venture out again?

For tech-savvy folks, that speedy connection may come through 5G, the industry label applied to the souped-up next generation of wireless. AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile/Sprint, as well as their

counterparts overseas, have spent tens of billions of dollars and several years building out their respective 5G networks and have already begun deploying 5G around the world.

Consumers also may get superfast connections through gigabit internet solutions for home use, provided not through traditional copper wires but through fiber-optic lines.

5G is shorthand for fifth generation, and it promises cellphone speeds as much as 100 times faster than the norm today, 4G LTE. Gigabit internet (so named because data are transmitted at up

to 1 gigabit or 1,000 megabits per second) also promises that kind of speed — about double that of the fastest cable internet. Where 5G is a wireless solution, gigabit internet requires an

ethernet cable that runs to a modem, which connects your home to the internet, and then to a router, which allows all your devices to use the internet simultaneously and to talk to one

another.

Both technologies allow you to download a full-length movie onto a device in seconds, rather than in many minutes. Or you can stream video, play a game or get on a video chat with no

discernable latency or lag time.

While both technologies promise faster download and upload speeds than you've ever experienced, they are different animals.

• Gigabit-speed internet transmits its data as pulses of light through thin strands of glass bundled into fiber-optic cables, though approaches to and into the home vary. Cables have to be

threaded through neighborhoods to each home, often on telephone poles, just like coaxial cable for cable-TV service was installed in the 1970s and 1980s. The 1-gigabit-per-second speeds can

slow inside older houses that connect to the fiber-optic cable through copper wires.

• 5G cellular networks are more mobile, using radio waves to transmit data. High-frequency 5G can have the same speed for downloads as gig-speed fiber-optic service. Potential 5G drawbacks

are a need for many cell towers because the high-band waves have a shorter range and those radio waves have problems passing through walls and windows to get inside a building.

5G isn't just about lightning-fast smartphones. The longer-term ideal will affect everything from self-driving cars to robots for remote surgery. That includes every internet-connected

appliance or gadget that helps you age in place: from camera doorbells that let you monitor package deliveries to smart refrigerators that alert you when you're running low on milk to

Wi-Fi-enabled thermostats that learn your schedule.

In some more rural areas, 5G may become a fixed wireless, in-home broadband alternative to gigabit internet. Fixed wireless service connects one location to the internet via a stationary

antenna, so an internet provider doesn't need to run a more expensive fiber-optic line. But in many places, the 5G and gig internet technologies are more likely to be complementary than

competitive.

Are these viable options for older adults? Yes, but with caveats. The hype around 5G has raced past reality. These are early days in the rollout, and several questions around coverage,

devices and pricing remain.

"5G is an evolving technical mess that isn't helped by sometimes-confusing carrier marketing efforts,” says Avi Greengart, president and lead analyst of Techsponential, a technology research

and advisory firm in northern New Jersey.