Nicotine–haloperidol interactions and cognitive performance in schizophrenics

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ABSTRACT Nearly 90% of schizophrenics smoke cigarettes, considerably higher than the general population's rate of 25%. There is some indication that schizophrenics may smoke as a form

of self-medication. Nicotine has a variety of pharmacologic effects that may both counteract some of the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia and counteract some of the adverse side effects

of antipsychotic drugs. In the current study, we assessed the interactions of haloperidol and nicotine on cognitive performance of a group of schizophrenics. These patients were in a

double-blind study, randomly assigning them to low, moderate, and high dose levels of haloperidol. The subjects, all smokers, came to the laboratory on four different mornings after

overnight deprivation from cigarettes. In a double-blind fashion, they were administered placebo, low (7 mg/day), medium (14 mg/day), or high (21 mg/day) dose nicotine skin patches. Three

hours after administration of the skin patch, the subjects were given a computerized cognitive test battery including: simple reaction time, complex reaction time (spatial rotation), delayed

matching to sample, the Sternberg memory test, and the Conners continuous performance test (CPT). With the placebo nicotine patch, there was a haloperidol dose-related impairment in delayed

matching to sample choice accuracy and an increase in response time on the complex reaction time task. Nicotine caused a dose-related reversal of the haloperidol-induced impairments in

memory performance and complex reaction time. In the CPT, nicotine reduced the variability in response that is associated with attentional deficit. These results demonstrate the effects of

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ARTICLE PDF AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * From the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Edward D Levin Ph.D, William Wilson Ph.D,

Jed E Rose Ph.D & Joseph McEvoy MD * Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Edward D Levin Ph.D * Department of Reasearch Service, VA Medical

Center, Durham, North Carolina Jed E Rose Ph.D Authors * Edward D Levin Ph.D View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * William Wilson Ph.D View

author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Jed E Rose Ph.D View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

Joseph McEvoy MD View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE

Levin, E., Wilson, W., Rose, J. _et al._ Nicotine–Haloperidol Interactions and Cognitive Performance in Schizophrenics. _Neuropsychopharmacol_ 15, 429–436 (1996).

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(96)00018-8 Download citation * Received: 21 August 1995 * Revised: 28 September 1995 * Accepted: 05 January 1996 * Published: 01 November 1996 * Issue

Date: 01 November 1996 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(96)00018-8 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative KEYWORDS * Nicotine * Haloperidol *

Memory * Reaction time * Schizophrenia